Wednesday, July 30, 2025

A photo per day, 2025 edition

This worked well in 2024, so here's the 2025 edition.

May 31-June 2: Malerweg

June 3: Dresden Semperoper with the Duke/UNC/NCSU research abroad cohort. We saw a staged performance of Handel's oratorio Saul. It was full of intrigue and politics and worked impressively well staged. We had seats near the ceiling, thus the stairwell photo.


June 4-6: Malerweg

June 7: Berlin with the research abroad cohort. On Saturday, we met up (because they used mass transit and I walked) at the East End Gallery (Berlin Wall).


June 8 morning: free time in Berlin with family--H, S, V, and R. We walked up Teufelsberg, a non-natural hill in the Grunewald district of Berlin built after WW2 from 98 million cubic yards of rubble and debris. It's located in the former West Berlin, and during the Cold War, the US built a large intelligence-gathering "listening station" on top. The station is no longer used and has become a street-art gallery, with almost every available surface covered in murals.


June 8 afternoon: Tour of the Reichstag with the cohort. 


June 9 morning: Our last day in Berlin. The cohort took a boat tour rather than join S and me for the long walk we invited everyone on. Ostensibly we were looking for the graves of the brothers Grimm, but we only got as far as the graves of the Familie Mensdelssohn in the Dreifaltigkeit cemetery in Kreuzberg. (We also visited the gravestone of grandpapa Moses Mendelssohn, the 18th-c. philosopher and theologian whose writings became central to the "Jewish Enlightenment" of the 18th and 19th centuries; he's buried in Berlin's oldest Jewish cemetery, which was desecrated during the Nazi era--to the point that his is the only gravestone still erect, but not in its original location).

R to L, Wilhelm Hensel, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, Felix Mendelssohn...

June 9 afternoon: We had a little time to kill before our train, so zipped through the Alte Nationalgallerie with a few of the students. We happily revisited many of the Friedrich paintings that we had seen in New York, but the photo of the day goes to "Liszt am Flügel" (1840) by Joseph Danhauser, one of two music-historical paintings I recognized from across a room and of which could immediately say, "hey, that's George Sand swooning while Liszt plays the piano!" The other painting was "hey, that's Frederick the Great playing the flute!," a.k.a. Flötenkonzert Friedrichs des Großen in Sanssouci [1852] by Adolph von Menzel. I coulda sworn both paintings graced covers of Dover scores that I owned, but I can't identify which scores.

Liszt and his adoring fans...

June 10: Back in Dresden. I needed a walk, so  built a loop route to the Loschwitz neighborhood via the Blaue Wunder, and for the sake of thoroughness, included the recently enhanced gravesite of Caspar David Friedrich at the Trinitatisfriedhof.


June 11: Before meeting up for a farewell gelato with the students (they were staying on, but faculty advisors, including S, were leaving the next morning), we had some open time, so made a too-short visit to the Albertinum. The photo below is of the work Palianytsia (2022) by Ukrainian artist Zhanna Kadyrova. The work is made from sliced river stones. The accompanying label says the stones "become a symbol of welcoming culture and community in leaden times." It also notes that Russians' inability to pronounce the word Palianytsia correctly "became a phonetic identifier to distinguish 'friend' from 'foe.'" (And if you Google the word Palianytsia, you'll learn it's both a hearth-baked bread and the name of a Ukrainian turbojet drone missile system developed by Ukraine during the Russian invasion.)      

Palianytsia (2022) by Ukrainian artist Zhanna Kadyrova 

June 12: Early morning train home to Steinebach. On the way, we planned a layover of a few hours to visit Bamberg, nicknamed "Franconian Rome" because like Rome, it has seven hills.


June 13: first day back in Steinebach, and we were homebodies, walking no farther than to the grocery store and back. The new Edeka opened a year or two ago, so now instead of walking 3-4 mile RT to the old Edeka near Etterschlag, we only need to walk 1.6 miles RT.

Fence shadows in Kukuksheim, en route to EDK

June 14: Bastille Day = "No Kings Day" for over 5 million mostly USAmerican protestors mostly in the U.S. but also internationally. On our way to join a couple hundred protesters in Munich, we walked past the Weiße Rose Memorial at Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, and thought about the difference between showing up for protests every once in a while vs. risking everything to fight Fascism.


June 15: annual hike to Andechs. S biked, and we met up for Brez'n, Obazda, and Sprudel.


June 16: Strava says I went to the grocery store again. I was trying to figure out if I had allergies or a cold, and didn't take a single photo.


June 18: Hallbergmoos to Freising. Afterward, I took trains to Seeshaupt, then walked to Bernried to meet up with S and friends from his college days in Hamburg. Afterward, S and I walked to Tutzing.


June 19-20: No photos. It was a cold, not allergies. 

June 21: Dinner at Sepperlwirt, followed by a walk "the long way home" to visit Favorite Lone Tree on a Hill, which is nowhere near Sepperlwirt.



June 23: A doozy of a cold. I think I spent most of the day in bed.


June 25-27: What? No photos? I walked around the Wörthsee, and to Herrsching in the rain, and S and I walked to Eching before catching a bus to Puppi's for Kaffee und Kuchen and homegrown Johannesbeeren and Stachelbeeren.

June 28-July 12: Rorschach to Guendlischwand 

July 13: We had just walked 170 miles across Switzerland, so we took it easy. We bought groceries, and walked to Gasthaus Dietrich for dinner. We used to eat there regularly with Helen, but management changed after her death, and no one's really felt like it could compete with their memories of it. But it was pretty much how I remembered it, and we were rewarded with a rainbow over the house next door. 


July 14: We walked 5 miles to Stegen to meet family for dinner. Before the deluge, and before discovering the restaurant was closed, there were wild raspberries on the trail through the woods to Inning.


July 15: H, S, and V visited us from Berlin. More rain, but also a walk to the lake and sailing the model boat until the wind became too strong.


July 16: Dachau

July 17: Our German Romanticism summer ended with a two-day connect-the-dots walk from Lindau-Insel to Rorschach. The Rules of Walking permit virtual and real ferry connections, but we figured we'd make a land connection too. Our destination for the first night was Bregenz, where we enjoyed a modernized rendition of Der Freischütz: Carl Maria von Weber meets Gilbert and Sullivan meets Monty Python meets the Beaver Queen Pageant. I might have been the only audience member laughing out loud at the giant sprinklers during the lesbian dream sequence with diving mermaids. Check out the preview to appreciate how crazy the interpretation was (see also this behind-the-scenes video on stunts and staging).

Clap clap bravo clap brava clap clap clap bravo clap clap

July 18: From Bregenz, we continued on to Rorschach--a much more varied walk than the previous day's.

Uh, sure, that's a potato...

July 19: We walked to Puppi's for Kaffee und Kuchen with G, M, and M'. M' is heading to the U.S. this fall for a year abroad.


July 20: S biked and I walked to Herrsching, and we met up for gelato.


July 21: I made latkes for R and R'. On their way out, R' found a feather and told me I should save feathers for her (for what purpose, I don't know). It occurred to me that in ~550 miles of walking and hiking this summer, I hadn't noticed any feathers. S and I went for a walk afterward, and voilà...


July 22: We had some gummint business to take care of in Starnberg. Afterward, I walked to Tutzing. I've now walked the entire length of the western shore of the Starnbergersee. Tutzing has a promenade named after Johannes Brahms, who lived there for four months in the summer of 1873 while he was avoiding visiting Clara Schumann, with whom he was having a spat.


July 23: One more visit with Puppi that involved some contortions with train and bus schedules, followed by a lovely evening walk as far as Inning and then a bus home.


And that was that...

Sunday, July 27, 2025

Dachau footnotes

Artwork on a Dachau kindergarten (2025):
"A colorful mix makes us unique."

I've been coming to Germany with S every year or year and a half since 1991. This July, I visited the Konzentrationslager Dachau memorial site for the fifth or sixth time. It was the first time that I followed the Path of Remembrance, a walking route with 12 informational panels in both German and English, that runs from the Dachau train station to the KZ. The path was created in 2007 by the City of Dachau. The KZ memorial opened in 1965.

I incorporated two additional sites on my route: the SS shooting range in Hebertshausen, about 2 km north of KZ Dachau, where, in 1941 and 1942, over 4,000 Soviet prisoners of war were executed en masse; and the Dachau Waldfriedhof (wooded cemetery), which includes memorials and graves for ~1,300 KZ Dachau victims who died from consequences of their imprisonment after liberation.

I visited because "nie wieder" ("never again") is meaningless without remembering, and because the regime in my own country hasn't so much forgotten as decided the SS playbook is one they want to emulate.

Photos, taken en route, and food for thought are below, including observations in footnotes. Images are not intended to be comprehensive; for more in-depth information, including virtual tours, historical details, and maps, visit the official website of the KZ Dachau Memorial

Dachau's train station has undergone many renovations since the 1930s

"Over 200,000 prisoners were transported to the Dachau concentration camp and its subsidiary camps between 1933 and 1945. The prisoners often arrived here at the Dachau railway station. In full view of the civilian population, SS men beat and drove the prisoners to the concentration camp.1 The prisoners included political opponents of the Nazi regime, Jews, Sinti and Roma, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and persons the Nazis persecuted as 'asocials' or 'criminals.' During Worls War II (1939-1945) the SS kept persons from all over Europe imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp." (Path of Remembrance, Panel 1)


Stolperstein for Anton Felber

Here lived
Anton Felber
Born 1902
Seized 1938
Dachau
Murdered 20 October 1939

The Stolperstein project is an international project to memorialize the Jewish, Sinti/Roma, political, homosexual, Jehovah's Witness, and euthanasia victims of Nazism in the years leading up to and during World War II. Some critics believe that the brass memorial markers, embedded in sidewalks in front of victims' last known residences, invite people to trample on the names and memory of victims. The project's organizers intend for the brass markers "to argue against the mass extermination by the National Socialists by restoring to the tormented people their name, their face, and a place in the heart of society." In the location where Anton Felber once lived, a kindergarten now stands.


Death March monument
Hier führte in den letzten Kriegstagen im April 1945 der Leidensweg der KZ-Häftlinge aus den Todeslagern Kaufering/Landsberg vorbei ins Ungewisse. 

Here, in the last days of the war in April 1945, the suffering path of the concentration camp prisoners from the death camps Kaufering/Landsberg passed into the unknown.
This memorial sculpture, by Hubertus von Pilgrim, was erected in 2001 and is one of 22 copies commemorating towns along the KZ-Dachau death march; the first was erected in Gauting in 1989; a copy is also at the Holocaust memorial Yad Vashem in Jerusalem.


Detail from Panel 6: signpost with anti-Semitic caricatures

"Here signposts with anti-Semitic caricatures indicated the two sections of the Dachau camp grounds:
    - The actual concentration camp with the prisoner camp, crematoria, camp commandant's office, and guard quarters.
    - The SS drill camp with barracks and training rooms." (Path of Remembrance, Panel 6)

With these signposts, NSDAP aimed for an intentionally dehumanizing and grotesque effect.3 

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KZ Dachau grounds:

Arbeit macht frei : Work sets you free

The phrase Arbeit macht frei comes from an 1873 novel by Lorenz Diefenbach and alludes to John 8:31-32: you shall know the truth, and the truth shall set you free.


"May the example of those who were exterminated here between 1933-1945 because they resisted Nazism help to unite the living for the defense of peace and freedom and in respect for their fellow men." 





The former maintenance building

The main documentary exhibit is located inside the former maintenance building.

Close up on parallel timelines of the Third Reich and KZ Dachau

Adolf Hitler was appointed Reichskanzler on January 30, 1933. On March 22, 1933, Dachau opened as a concentration camp for political prisoners.4



A 1932 election poster for the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party, a.k.a. the Nazi party) declared Hitler to be Unsere letzte Hoffnung (our last hope).5 

Excerpts from "The Road to Dictatorship":
January 30: Hitler is appointed Reich Chancellor...4
February 28: Fundamental rights are revoked...6
March 9: The state governments are forced into line with the NSDAP...7
March 21: ...'Special Courts' are set up for political offenses, a decree is passed against the spreading of 'untrue claims' about the government.8 The first concentration camps are established4
March 24: The Reichstag gives powers to government allowing it to pass laws and change the constitution without the approval of parliament...9
April 7: Jewish and 'unreliable' civil servants are dismissed under the 'Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service'10

Former site of Row 15 of the barracks. Only Row 1 of the barracks remains. 

In the distance, the first row of barracks, with the maintenance building visible behind it.


Mortal Agony of Christ Chapel

The exterior back wall of the memorial chapel, a plaque notes that "here in Dachau, every third victim was a Pole. One of every two Polish priests was martyred. Their holy memory is venerated by their fellow prisoners of the Polish clergy." 



At the time of liberation, about 30% of prisoners in Dachau and its subcamps were Jewish.



Detail from Panel 12: "Return from the plantation" (1955)
by Hans Quaeck, a KZ Dachau inmate from 1941-1945

Arbeit macht frei.

"In 1938 concentration camp prisoners were forced to build an herb garden (plantation)... The SS guards marched the prisoners to work on the large open-air site under abusive threats and blows, and prisoners were arbitrarily shot 'while attempting to escape.' Less brutal working conditions reigned only in the buildings and greenhouses. There a work detail of draftsmen was supposed to produce a plant collection for Himmler. At the risk of losing their lives, some of the prisoners managed to depict the crimes committed by SS guards in secret notes." (Path of Remembrance, Panel 12) 

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The SS shooting range in Hebertshausen is across the Amper river from KZ Dachau. A monument remembers the 4,000 Soviet POWs who were murdered here.





"Pamphlet 'The Subhuman,' publisher: Reichsführer SS, Berlin 1941/42. The murky colors of the brochure evoke an image of extremely brutal and cruel Soviet 'subhumans.' The inflammatory pamphlet was to fuel the feelings of impending threat posed by the 'Bolshevist danger from the East' and justify the racial-ideological war of annihilation against the Soviet Union." (Excerpt from Hebertshausen Commemorative Site Panel, "The War of Annihilation against the Soviet Union")





Names of known victims. The list isn't very long.

Names of some of the known victims

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"Buried [in the Waldfriedhof] were prisoners from the Dachau concentration camp who in the months following liberation died from the consequences of their imprisonment. Victims of the death marches are also amongst the some 1,300 persons interred... " (Waldfriedhof Panel "Memorials Waldfriedhof Dachau")

Past and present

The KZ Dachau Memorial's website reports that "between 1933 and 1945, around 41,500 persons died of hunger, exhaustion, and disease, the direct result of being tortured, or were brutally murdered in the Dachau concentration camp and its subcamps." 41,500 is ~88% of the current population of the city Dachau.

I've read objections to comparisons between Nazi concentration camps during World War II and what is happening now with ICE "detention centers" in the U.S.--that it's offensive to compare the systematic slaughter of 6 million Jews to the imprisonment of "illegal" (and yo, legal) aliens (and yo, some U.S. citizens) at Alligator Alcatraz and other prisons. A reminder: Dachau originated to contain political prisoners, and the descent into Fascism did not happen overnight. Democracy is fragile, and the U.S. is well down the road toward Fascism.


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1 What would you do if you saw armed masked kidnappers abducting someone off the street? Below left: calling the police to report kidnappings backfires when police aid ICE. Below center: a "red card" notifies non-citizens of their Constitutional rights, which makes little difference when the government intentionally ignores those rights. Below right: The President of the United States, who swore an oath to uphold the Constitution, says he doesn't know if he's required to uphold the Constitution.

   


2 Sicherungsverwahrung means "preventive detention" or "protective custody." It was used by the NSDAP as a way to imprison people without legal due process.

 


3 The U.S. Department of Homeland Security aims for an intentionally and dehumanizing grotesque effect. Below left: a screenshot from the official Instagram page of the US DHS. Below center: a signpost marking a KZ outside of Ochopee, FL. Below right: screenshot of merch in the Republican Party of Florida's online shop. 

    

Donald Trump was inaugurated on January 20, 2025. By March 17, news media were reporting on deportations of "gang members" to CECOT in El Salvador, a prison known for its human-rights violations. In mid-April, Trump expressed his desire to deport "homegrowns." Well before the 2024 election, Trump was threatening retribution against his political opponents.

  


5 In the U.S., MAGA Republicans promoted the cultish idea that only Trump could save the country. Below left: a vanity press book for sale on Amazon on Friday July 18, 2025, that has since been removed. Below right: campaign flag for sale on Amazon.

  


6 In the U.S., fundamental rights, including the right to Due Process, Freedom of Speech, Freedom of the Press, Freedom from Cruel and Unusual Punishment, and Right to Counsel, are ignored:

  



7 In the U.S., the executive branch attempts to force state governments into line with anti-DEI and anti-immigrant priorities: 

 

8 In the U.S., despite claims by the executive branch that their focus is on the "worst of the worst," Politifact reports that the majority of Alligator Alcatraz’s detainees do not have U.S. criminal convictions. 

  

9 In the U.S., the Republican majority Supreme Court and Congress cede powers to the presidency:

  

10 In the U.S., the executive branch insists on political loyalty.

  

11 In the U.S., some people ask "how can ICE employees who commit these crimes sleep at night?" This is how: by believing the people they are kidnapping / harassing / abusing are subhuman.